13 December 2024

The Performance of Job and Stock Markets Through 48 Years and 8 Presidencies

Here is data for the last 48 years on labor and capital markets.



The stock market performance (orange line) represents the average annual return of the three major indices (Dow, NASDAQ, and S&P 500). The timeframe runs from the day after each presidential election to the day the next president is declared the winner.

The job number reflects the average monthly employment figure reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) during each president's full term, from their first to last complete month in office.
There are many factors outside a president's control—and many within it. For instance, the Great Recession that tanked George W. Bush’s economic numbers was largely a consequence of policies championed during his presidency. Bush’s administration embraced financial deregulation, undoing safeguards put in place after the Great Depression. These included the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act and looser oversight of financial derivatives. The ensuing financial crisis was not mere coincidence but evidence that, as in sports, financial markets thrive best when they strike a balance between free competition and effective regulation. Bush’s poor stock market and job performance stemmed from these flawed policies.

Luck matters too. For example, Donald Trump faced the worst pandemic in a century, which disrupted the economy and labor markets worldwide. However, governance also plays a role. Trump refused to coordinate a national COVID-19 response, leaving states to act independently. In his final month in office, his focus was not on the pandemic but on contesting the results of the 2020 election, culminating in a riot at the Capitol. Meanwhile, COVID-19 deaths reached staggering levels, averaging 3,000 deaths per day—equivalent to a 9/11 attack every 24 hours.

Joe Biden inherited these challenges but immediately launched a coordinated national COVID-19 response. His administration passed a sweeping recovery bill to support job creation and stabilize the economy. This proactive approach likely prevented the sharp contraction or sluggish recovery that could have occurred under a laissez-faire approach, akin to the post-Great Recession recovery during Obama’s presidency. At that time, Congress pressured Obama into austerity measures that prioritized deficit reduction over aggressive job creation, resulting in years of depressed employment growth.

The takeaway? Demographics, pandemics, and policy all play roles in shaping labor and capital markets. Like in bull riding, the difficulty of the circumstances ("the bull") matters as much as the skill of the president ("the rider"). Strong governance can make all the difference between a sharp fall and a smooth landing.

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